Publications and Validations

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Our passion and dedication to creating reliable and effective solutions in the health and welfare sector have yielded positive outcomes across various areas. Our products and technologies have demonstrated a direct and positive impact on patient health, treatment quality, and achieved outcomes. We have garnered recognition and validated the effectiveness of our products through numerous publications, studies, and validations conducted by independent authorities.

Explore our collection of publications and validations below, confirming our dedication to innovative solutions that positively impact users, healthcare professionals, and society as a whole.

Clinical Validation of Contactless and Continuous Respiratory Rate Monitoring

Vitalthings Guardian M10 is a contactless patient monitor that continuously measures patients' vital parameters. In this clinical validation study involving 32 patients, the objective was to assess the accuracy of respiratory rate measurements. The readings from Guardian M10 were compared to reference equipment used in clinical practice and fell within a range of ±1.2 breaths per minute, well within the clinically acceptable margin of ±3 breaths per minute. No false or technical alarms were recorded during the study, and measurements were never more than 5 minutes apart. The results indicate that Guardian M10 is a reliable tool for continuous monitoring of respiratory rate in hospital settings.

Authors and Links
  • Toften S, Kjellstadli JT, Kværness J, Pedersen L, Laugsand LE and Thu OKF (2024) Contactless and continuous monitoring of respiratory rate in a hospital ward: a clinical validation study. Front. Physiol. 15:1502413. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1502413
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Validation of Vitalthings Somnofy against PSG

Vitalthings Somnofy is an innovative contactless sleep monitoring assistant that automatically tracks vital signs during sleep. It demonstrates a substantial level of agreement with PSG in classifying sleep stages (Cohen’s κ = .63), making it a valuable tool for advancing research in the field of sleep, particularly in areas that were previously challenging to study.

Authors and Links
  • Ståle Toften, Ståle Pallesen, Maria Hrozanova, Frode Moen, Janne Grønli: “Validation of sleep stage classification using noncontact radar technology and machine learning (Somnofy®)”, available online 6 March 2020, epub ahead of print, Sleep Medicine. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.022
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Validation of Contactless long-term Measurement of respiratory rate with Vitalthings Somnofy.

We argue that the respiratory rate is the most important vital sign for detecting clinical deterioration. Measurements from the radar-based sleep monitor Vitalthings Somnofy are compared with respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP). Deviations in respiratory rate from individual average levels can be easily identified with Vitalthings Somnofy.

Authors and Links
  • Toften S, Kjellstadli J, Thu O, Ellingsen O. Noncontact Longitudinal Respiratory Rate Measurements in Healthy Adults Using Radar-Based Sleep Monitor (Somnofy): Validation Study. JMIR Biomed Eng 2022;7(2):e36618. DOI: 10.2196/36618
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Detecting Sleep Apnea Events through Contactless Radar, Pulse Oximetry, and Machine Learning

In this pilot study, 14 participants were examined, leading to a Cohen’s kappa value of .81 for event/no event classification at the second level, signifying an exceptionally high level of agreement. For event/no event/hypopnea/apnea classification and event/no event/hypopnea/obstructive apnea/central apnea/mixed apnea classification, the Cohen’s kappa values were 0.43 (indicating moderate agreement) and 0.36 (indicating satisfactory agreement), respectively. Importantly, all participants were accurately categorized regarding the severity of their sleep apnea. The findings demonstrate that radar technology and pulse oximetry offer reliable insights, particularly at the second level in distinguishing event/no event occurrences, which holds significant value for the management of sleep apnea.

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Quantification of Teenagers sleep patterns and Gender differences in social jetlag using Home-Based Sleep Monitoring.

Analyzing sleep patterns in a vast middle school student population reveals pronounced social jetlag - the discrepancy between weekday and weekend sleep. Notably, boys display more pronounced social jetlag than girls. This groundbreaking study marks the first-ever implementation of high-quality, objective contactless sleep monitoring (utilizing Somnofy) within familiar sleep environments on such a large scale.

Authors and Links

Association Between Sleep in Young Elite Athletes and Mental Stress and Training Load Using a Prospective Observational Study

Unobtrusive, objective sleep recordings with new radar technology were obtained, and daily self-reports of mental and training load were collected. The role of subjective sleep quality was examined to identify whether the interrelations between sleep, mental load, and training load depend on being a good or poor sleeper.

Authors and Links
  • Hrozanova, Maria & Klöckner, Christian & Sandbakk, Oyvind & Pallesen, Ståle & Moen, Frode (2020). Reciprocal Associations Between Sleep, Mental Strain, and Training Load in Junior Endurance Athletes and the Role of Poor Subjective Sleep Quality. Frontiers in Psychology. 11. 1-14. 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545581.
  • Click here to access the full-text PDF.

Elite-Level Chess Players Show Substantial Emotional and Cognitive Stress in Connection with Their Performance Enhancement

Sleep is an important recovery strategy tied to athletic performance. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between performance development and sleep, as objectively assessed, within a group of 14 Norwegian chess players over a span of 120 consecutive days. The sleep patterns of chess players who exhibited positive performance trends showed notable distinctions from those with negative developments.

Authors and Links
  • Moen, Frode & Olsen, Maja & Hrozanova, Maria (2020). Associations Between Sleep Patterns and Performance Development Among Norwegian Chess Players. Frontiers in Psychology. 11. 1855. 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01855.
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Exploring Menstrual Cycle Impact on Sleep in Junior Long-Distance Runners

This study delves into how the menstrual cycle influences the sleep of junior long-distance female runners. The research encompasses an assessment of subjective sleep quality, objective sleep parameters, mental load, training load, and menstrual cycle patterns over a span of 61 consecutive days. The primary objective was to investigate gender disparities in objective sleep parameters, including sleep stages, in junior female long-distance runners while considering the interplay of mental load, training load, and subjective sleep quality. The secondary goal was to compare objectively measured sleep during menstruation and various phases of the menstrual cycle in naturally menstruating female long-distance runners.

Authors and Links

A study of the Interplay between Perceived Fatigue, Sleep, and Football Matches in Elite Female Players

This study delves into the intricate relationships between perceived fatigue in elite female football players, their sleep patterns, and the impact of football matches. Sleep was monitored using the nonintrusive impulse radio ultra-wideband Doppler radar system (Somnofy). Perceived fatigue was assessed through a self-reporting mobile application that recorded daily perceived fatigue levels. Insights revealed that deep and REM sleep, along with the respiratory rate in non-REM sleep, serve as important indicators of perceived fatigue in elite female football players. Furthermore, the study highlighted how sleep is often disrupted on match nights, likely attributed to the intense physical and mental stress encountered during football matches. However, sleep normalizes during the first- and second-nights following matches, likely to prevent further negative impacts on performance.

Authors and Links

Changes in Blood Serum Proteome After 6 Hours of Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Females

Out of a total of 725 proteins identified in the human blood serum, 34 proteins were significantly differentially expressed after 6h of sleep deprivation at night. Acute sleep deprivation (in females) affects several known biological processes- and molecular function categories which are similarly changed through oxidative stress, immune suppression, neurodegenerative related disorders, and cancer.

Authors and Links
  • Bjørkum, A.A., Carrasco Duran, A., Frode, B. et al. Human blood serum proteome changes after 6 hours of sleep deprivation at night. Sleep Science Practice 5, 14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-021-00066-2
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Measuring the Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Exercise on Sleep Parameters in Heart Attack Patients

This master's thesis explores the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise on sleep parameters in heart attack patients, utilizing Somnofy for objective sleep measurement in the participants' homes. The study revealed that evening exercise significantly prolonged the sleep onset latency (SOL) compared to daytime exercise.

Authors and Links
  • Haukås, I., Høydahl, L. (2023). The effect of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise on sleep parameters in myocardial infarction patients. NTNU, Master’s thesis in Biology, physiology; Supervisor: Bjørn Munro Jenssen. Co-supervisor: Børge Moe and Ulrik Wisløff.
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